Since 1970, lava lamps made for the US market have not used carbon tetrachloride, whose use was banned that year due to toxicity.
Video of an orange lava lamp in operation p. 1, line 47 A metallic wire coil in the bottle's base breaks the cooled blobs' surface tension, allowing them to recombine.
There, they cool, increasing their density relative to that of the water, and descend. p. 1, lines 40 & 45 It also becomes fluid, causing blobs of it to ascend to the top of the lamp. When heated, the wax mixture becomes less dense than the water, because it expands more than water when both are heated. However, carbon tetrachloride is denser than water (also nonflammable and miscible with wax) and is added to the wax to make its density at room temperature slightly higher than that of the water. p. 2, line 30 The clear water or mineral oil can optionally be coloured with translucent dyes.Ĭommon wax has a density much lower than that of water and would float on top at any temperature. A formula from a 1968 US patent consisted of water and a transparent, translucent, or opaque mix of mineral oil, paraffin wax, and carbon tetrachloride.
A classic lava lamp contains a standard incandescent or halogen lamp which heats a tall (often tapered) glass bottle.
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